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This weblog mail service covers common encryption workflows on Amazon EBS. Examples of these workflows are: setting upward permissions policies, creating encrypted EBS volumes, running Amazon EC2 instances, taking snapshots, and sharing your encrypted data using customer-managed CMK.

Introduction

Amazon Rubberband Block Shop (Amazon EBS) service provides loftier-functioning block-level storage volumes for Amazon EC2 instances. Customers have been using Amazon EBS for over a decade to support a broad range of applications including relational and non-relational databases, containerized applications, large data analytics engines, and many more. For Amazon EBS, security is always our height priority. 1 of the most powerful mechanisms nosotros provide you to secure your data against unauthorized access is encryption.

Amazon EBS offers a straight-forrard encryption solution of data at rest , information in transit, and all volume backups. Amazon EBS encryption is supported past all volume types, and includes congenital-in cardinal direction infrastructure without having you lot to build, maintain, and secure your ain keys. We use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) envelope encryption with customer principal keys (CMK) for your encrypted volumes and snapshots. Nosotros as well offer an easy way to ensure all your newly created Amazon EBS resource are e'er encrypted by simply selecting encryption by default. This means y'all no longer need to write IAM policies to crave the utilize of encrypted volumes. All your new Amazon EBS volumes are automatically encrypted at creation.

You can choose from 2 types of CMKs: AWS managed and customer managed. AWS managed CMK is the default on Amazon EBS (unless you explicitly override it), and does non require you to create a key or manage whatever policies related to the key. Any user with EC2 permission in your account is able to encrypt/decrypt EBS resources encrypted with that central. If your compliance and security goals require more than granular control over who tin can access your encrypted data- customer-managed CMK is the style to go.

In the post-obit section, I dive into some all-time practices with your customer-managed CMK to accomplish your encryption workflows.

Defining permissions policies

To go started with encryption, using your own client-manager CMK, you first demand to create the CMK and set upwards the policies needed. For simplicity, I apply a fictitious account ID 111111111111 and an AWS KMS customer master key (CMK) named with the alias cmk1 in Region the states-east-1.
As yous get through this post, exist sure to change the account ID and the AWS KMS CMK to match your own.

1. Log on to AWS Direction Panel with admin user. Navigate to AWS KMS service, and create a new KMS key in the desired Region.

      2. Go to the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) console and navigate to policies console. On create policy wizard, click on the JSON tab, and add together the following policy:

          {      "Version": "2012-10-17",      "Argument": [              {          "Sid": "VisualEditor0",          "Effect": "Allow",          "Activity": [              "kms:GenerateDataKeyWithoutPlaintext",              "kms:ReEncrypt*",              "kms:CreateGrant"              ],              "Resource": [              "arn:aws:kms:the states-east-i:<111111111111>:key/<key-id of cmk1>"               ]       }    ]  }        

3. Go to IAM Users, click on Add permissions and Attach existing policies directly. Select the preceding policy you created forth with AmazonEC2FullAccess policy.

You lot now have all the necessary policies to get-go encrypting data with you own CMK on Amazon EBS.

Enabling encryption by default

Encryption by default allows you to ensure that all new EBS volumes created in your account are always encrypted, even if yous don't specify encrypted=true request parameter. Y'all take the choice to choose the default key to be AWS managed or a key that y'all create. If yous use IAM policies that crave the apply of encrypted volumes, you lot can employ this characteristic to avoid launch failures that would occur if unencrypted volumes were inadvertently referenced when an instance is launched. Before turning on encryption by default, make certain to get through some of the limitations in the consideration section at the cease of this blog.

Utilise the post-obit steps to opt in to encryption by default:

1. Logon to EC2 console in the AWS Management Console.
2. Click on Settings- Amazon EBS encryption on the correct side of the Dashboard console (notation: settings are specific to individual AWS regions in your account).
3. Check the box E'er Encrypt new EBS volumes.
4. By default, AWS managed central is used for Amazon EBS encryption. Click on Modify the default central and select your desired key. In this blog, the desired fundamental is cmk1.
5. You lot're washed! Any new volume created from now on will be encrypted with the KMS key selected in the previous stride.

Creating encrypted Amazon EBS volumes

To create an encrypted volume, but get to Volumes under Amazon EBS in your EC2 console, and click Create Volume.

And then, select your preferred volume attributes and mark the encryption flag. Choose your designated master key (CMK) and voila- your book is encrypted!

If you turned on encryption by default in the previous department, the encryption choice is already selected and grayed out. Similarly, in the AWS CLI, your book is always encrypted regardless if you lot set encrypted=True, and you tin override the default encryption key by specifying a different ane. The following epitome shows:

Launching instances with encrypted volumes

When launching an EC2 instance, you can easily specify encryption with your CMK even if the Amazon Auto Image (AMI) yous selected is non encrypted.

Follow the steps in the Launch Wizard under EC2 panel, and select your CMK in the Add Storage section. If you previously fix encryption past default, you run into your selected default key, which tin be changed to any other central of your option as the following epitome shows:

Alternatively, using RunInstances API/CLI, you lot tin can provide the kmsKeyID for encrypting the volumes that are created from the AMI by specifying encryption in the cake device mapping (BDM) object. If you don't specify the kmsKeyID in BDM simply prepare the encryption flag to "true", so your default encryption key will be used for encrypting the volume. If you turned on encryption by default- whatsoever RunInstance phone call volition result in encrypted volume, fifty-fifty if you haven't prepare encryption flag to "true."

For more detailed data on launch encrypted EBS-backed EC2 instances see this blog.

Auto Scaling Groups and Spot Instances

When you specify a customer-managed CMK, you must give the appropriate service-linked role admission to the CMK so that EC2 Auto Scaling / Spot Instances can launch instances on your behalf (AWSServiceRoleForEC2Spot / AWSServiceRoleForAutoScaling). To exercise this, yous must alter the CMK's key policy. For more data, click here.

Creating and sharing encrypted snapshots

Now that y'all've launched an instance and take some encrypted EBS volumes, you may want to create snapshots to support the information on your volumes. Whenever you create a snapshot from an encrypted book, the snapshot is always exist encrypted with the same key you provided for the volume. Other than create-snapshot permission, users do not need whatsoever additional key policy setting for creating encrypted snapshots.

Sharing encrypted snapshots

If you want some other account at your org to create a volume from that snapshot (for use cases such as exam/dev accounts, disaster recovery (DR) etc.), you lot can take that encrypted snapshot and share it with unlike accounts. To do that yous demand create a policy setting for the source (111111111111) and target (222222222222) accounts.

In the source account, consummate the following steps:

1. Select snapshots at the EC2 console.
2. Click Actions- Modify Permissions
3. Add the AWS Account Number of your target account
4. Go to AWS KMS console and select the KMS key associated with your Snapshot
5. In Other AWS accounts section click on Add other AWS Account and add the target account

Target business relationship:
Users in the target account have several options with the shared snapshot. They tin launch an case straight or copy the snapshot to the target business relationship. You can use the same CMK every bit in the original business relationship (cmk1), or re-encrypt information technology with a different CMK.

I recommend that you re-encrypt the snapshot using a CMK owned by the target account. This protects you if the original CMK is compromised, or if the owner revokes permissions, which could crusade you to lose access to any encrypted volumes that you created using the snapshot.
When re-encrypt with a different CMK (cmk2 in this example), you but need ReEncryptFrom permission on cmk1 (source). Likewise, brand certain yous have the required permissions on your target business relationship for cmk2.

The following JSON policy document shows an example of these permissions:

          {      "Version": "2012-10-17",      "Statement": [      {      "Issue": "Permit",      "Action": [              "kms:ReEncryptFrom"              ],      "Resource": [      "arn:aws:kms:u.s.a.-east-i:<111111111111>:cardinal/<key-id of cmk1>"      ]    }   ]  } ,  {      "Version": "2012-x-17",      "Statement": [      {          "Upshot": "Permit",          "Action": [              "kms:GenerateDataKeyWithoutPlaintext",              "kms:ReEncrypt*",              "kms:CreateGrant"          ],          "Resources": [          "arn:aws:kms:united states of america-due east-1:<222222222222>:key/<key-id of cmk2>"          ]     }    ]  }        

You can now select snapshots at the EC2 console in the target account. Locate the snapshot by ID or description.

If you want to copy the snapshot, y'all also must allow "kms:Describekey" policy. Go along in heed that changing the encryption status of a snapshot during a re-create functioning results in a total (not incremental) copy, which might incur greater information transfer and storage charges.

The same sharing capabilities tin exist apply to sharing AMI. Cheque out this weblog for more data.

Considerations

• A few sometime instance types don't support Amazon EBS encryption. You won't exist able to launch new instances in the C1, M1, M2, or T1 families.
• You won't be able to share encrypted AMIs publicly, and any AMIs you share beyond accounts need admission to your chosen KMS key.
• Y'all won't exist able to share snapshots / AMI if you encrypt with AWS managed CMK
• Amazon EBS snapshots volition encrypt with the cardinal used by the volume itself.
• The default encryption settings are per-region. As are the KMS keys.
• Amazon EBS does not support asymmetric CMKs. For more information, run across Using Symmetric and Disproportionate Keys

Conclusion

In this blog mail service, I discussed several best practices to use Amazon EBS encryption with your client-managed CMK, which gives you more granular control to run across your compliance goals. I started with the policies needed, covered how to create encrypted volumes, launch encrypted instances, create encrypted backup, and share encrypted data. Now that you lot are an encryption expert – become ahead and turn on encryption by default so that y'all'll have the peace of mind your new volumes are e'er encrypted on Amazon EBS. To acquire more, visit the Amazon EBS landing page.
If you accept feedback nearly this blog post, submit comments in the Comments section beneath. If you accept questions about this web log mail, commencement a new thread on the Amazon EC2 forum or contact AWS Support.

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Source: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/compute/must-know-best-practices-for-amazon-ebs-encryption/

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